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Compare Tonga (2004) - French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2006)

Compare Tonga (2004) z French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2006)

 Tonga (2004)French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2006)
 TongaFrench Southern and Antarctic Lands
Administrative divisions 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three districts named Ile Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, Iles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam; excludes "Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US
Age structure 0-14 years: 37.1% (male 20,873; female 20,050)


15-64 years: 58.7% (male 32,018; female 32,707)


65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,005; female 2,584) (2004 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish -
Airports 6 (2003 est.) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)		 -
Area total: 748 sq km


land: 718 sq km


water: 30 sq km		 total: 7,829 sq km


land: 7,829 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen; excludes "Adelie Land" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US
Area - comparative four times the size of Washington, DC slightly less than 1.3 times the size of Delaware
Background The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. The Southern Lands consist of two archipelagos, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen, and two volcanic islands, Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul. They contain no permanent inhabitants and are visited only by researchers studying the native fauna. The Antarctic portion consists of "Adelie Land," a thin slice of the Antarctic continent discovered and claimed by the French in 1840.
Birth rate 24.87 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Budget revenues: $39.9 million


expenditures: $52.4 million, including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY99/00 est.)		 -
Capital Nuku'alofa -
Climate tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) antarctic
Coastline 419 km 1,232 km
Constitution 4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967 -
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga


conventional short form: Tonga


former: Friendly Islands		 conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands


conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands


local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises


local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises


abbreviation: TAAF
Currency pa'anga (TOP) -
Death rate 5.45 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Debt - external $63.4 million (2001) -
Dependency status - overseas territory of France since 1955; administered from Paris by Administrateur Superieur Michel CHAMPON (since 20 December 2004), assisted by Secretary General Jean-Yves HERMOSO (since NA)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga none (overseas territory of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Sonatane T. T. TUPOU


chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022


telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025


FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024


consulate(s) general: San Francisco		 none (overseas territory of France)
Disputes - international none French claim to "Adelie Land" in Antarctica is not recognized by the US
Economic aid - recipient Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02) -
Economy - overview Tonga, a small, open, South Pacific island economy, has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young and the continuing upturn in inflation are major issues facing the government. Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion.
Electricity - consumption 25.36 million kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 27.27 million kWh (2001) -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m		 lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Ross on Iles Kerguelen 1,850 m
Environment - current issues deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups Polynesian, Europeans about 300 -
Exchange rates pa'anga per US dollar - NA (2003), 2.1952 (2002), 2.1236 (2001), 1.7585 (2000), 1.5991 (1999) -
Executive branch chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965)


head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister James C. COCKER (since NA January 2001)


cabinet: Cabinet, appointed by the monarch, consists of 12 members


note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the Cabinet, and two governors


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch		 chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Senior Administrator Michel CHAMPON
Exports NA (2001) -
Exports - commodities squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops -
Exports - partners US 50%, Japan 35.7%, Italy 3.6% (2003) -
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June -
Flag description red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner the flag of France is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $236 million (2001 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 26%


industry: 12%


services: 62% (2002 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2001 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2001 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 20 00 S, 175 00 W 43 00 S, 67 00 E
Geography - note archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited) islands component is widely scattered across remote locations in the southern Indian Ocean
Highways total: 680 km


paved: 184 km


unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA		 -
Imports NA (2001) -
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals -
Imports - partners New Zealand 43.4%, Fiji 22.2%, Australia 11.1%, US 6.1% (2003) -
Independence 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) -
Industrial production growth rate 8.6% (FY98/99) -
Industries tourism, fishing -
Infant mortality rate total: 12.99 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 14.36 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 11.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 10.3% (2002 est.) -
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 0 sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court) -
Labor force 33,910 (1996) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 65% (1997 est.) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 23.61%


permanent crops: 43.06%


other: 33.33% (2001)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)
Languages Tongan, English -
Legal system based on English law the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 7 March 2002 (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%; seats - HRDMT 7, traditionalist 2		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 69.2 years


male: 66.74 years


female: 71.79 years (2004 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English


total population: 98.5%


male: 98.4%


female: 98.7% (1996 est.)		 -
Location Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand southeast of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands include Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Adelie Land"; the US does not recognize the French claim to "Adelie Land"
Map references Oceania Antarctic Region
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation		 territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm from Iles Kerguelen (does not include the rest of French Southern and Antarctic Lands)
Merchant marine total: 40 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 136,977 GRT/200,751 DWT


by type: bulk 3, cargo 21, chemical tanker 2, container 1, liquefied gas 4, petroleum tanker 5, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1


foreign-owned: Albania 1, Australia 4, Brazil 1, Cyprus 1, Egypt 1, Greece 1, Lebanon 1, Liberia 1, Marshall Islands 1, Norway 1, Panama 2, Romania 1, Russia 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Switzerland 3, Syria 1, United (2004 est.)		 total: 77 ships (1000 GRT or over) 3,432,833 GRT/5,345,291 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 2, chemical tanker 27, container 18, liquefied gas 5, petroleum tanker 15, roll on/roll off 6, vehicle carrier 4


foreign-owned: 76 (Belgium 6, Denmark 2, France 36, Germany 2, Hong Kong 2, Japan 4, Norway 12, Saudi Arabia 1, Sweden 9, Switzerland 1, UK 1) (2006)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches Tonga Defense Services: Ground Forces (Royal Marines, Royal Guard), Maritime Force (including Air Wing) -
Military expenditures - dollar figure NA -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA -
National holiday Independence Day, 4 June (1970) -
Nationality noun: Tongan(s)


adjective: Tongan		 -
Natural hazards cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes
Natural resources fish, fertile soil fish, crayfish
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Political parties and leaders there are no political parties -
Political pressure groups and leaders Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chair] -
Population 110,237 (July 2004 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: in 2002, there were 145 researchers whose numbers vary from winter (July) to summer (January) (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA -
Population growth rate 1.94% (2004 est.) -
Ports and harbors Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai -
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001) -
Religions Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.)		 -
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (1996)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 11,200 (2002) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 3,400 (2002) -
Television broadcast stations 2 (2001) -
Terrain most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base volcanic
Total fertility rate 3 children born/woman (2004 est.) -
Unemployment rate 13.3% (1996 est.) -
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